Kangangeminyaka besicinga ukuba iKindle sisixhobo esingenabungozi kwaphela, phantse njengencwadi yephepha enesikrini. Nangona kunjalo, inyani yile yokuba Inokuba yindlela yokuhlasela nge-intanethi Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba ezinye iziphene zokhuseleko zidityaniswe nee-e-books ezinobungozi. Asikuko imeko eqhelekileyo, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke, kwaye kufanelekile ukuqaphela oku ukuze uphephe izinto ezingalindelekanga ezingathandekiyo ngolwazi lwakho lomntu kunye nolwazi lwebhanki.
Kutshanje, izifundo ezininzi ezenziwe ziinkampani ezifana neCheck Point Research zibonise ukuba I-ebook elula ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula i-KindleUngayicima umxholo wayo, uyiguqule ibe yi-bot, okanye ube neziqinisekiso ze-Amazon kunye nolwazi lokuhlawula. Makhe sijonge ngokusondeleyo okwenzekileyo, indlela ezi ngxaki ezisebenze ngayo, oko kwenziwe yi-Amazon ukuzilungisa, kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, oko unokukwenza ukuze usebenzise i-Kindle yakho ngokufanelekileyo nangaphandle kwexhala elingeyomfuneko.
Ngaba i-ebook ingonakalisa i-Kindle yakho nge-malware?
Umbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo ungqalile kakhulu: “Ukuba ndikhuphela iincwadi zasimahla kwi-intanethi, Ngaba umntu angayifaka intsholongwane kwi-Kindle yam?Impendulo ende kukuba, nangona kungengomkhwa, kuye kwafunyanwa iimeko apho ifayile ye-ebook eguqulweyo isebenzise iimpazamo kwisoftware yomfundi ukuze isebenzise ikhowudi enobungozi.
Umsebenzisi oqhelekileyo unokufumana ii-ebooks ezikhutshelwe kwifowuni yakhe okanye kwikhompyutha kwiwebhusayithi yeencwadi zasimahla aze emva koko zidlulisele nge-USB okanye ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi othi Thumela kwi-KindleInyaniso yokuba zivela kwindawo yokukhuphela ayithethi ukuba ziyingozi ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa ukuba umntu uyila ifayile ngokukodwa ukuze asebenzise ubuthathaka be-firmware, loo ncwadi inokuba yivektha yohlaselo.
Ngokweengxelo ezipapashiweyo, Ifomathi ye-ebook ngokwayo inokufihla ikhowudi elungiselelwe ngokukodwa. ukuqala ikhonkco lokuxhaphaza xa i-Kindle icubungula ifayile. Ngokwenyani, oku kuthetha ukuba xa incwadi ivuliwe, isixhobo sichaza idatha ethile gwenxa, sivumela umhlaseli ukuba enze imiyalelo enamalungelo aphezulu.
Eyona nto iphazamisayo ngezi ntlobo zohlaselo kukuba Umsebenzisi akufuneki enze nantoni na engaqhelekanga.Khuphela nje le ncwadi, uyivumele ifike kwisixhobo sakho, kwaye uyivule njengayo nayiphi na enye incwadi. Akukho zi-pop-ups okanye izicelo ezingaqhelekanga; ubuthathaka busetyenziswa ngasemva.
Iziphumo zoPhando lweCheck Point kwiKindle nakwi-malware
Umothuko omkhulu wehla xa I-Check Point Research (CPR) ipapashe uphando olugxile kukhuseleko lwe-Amazon Kindle.Iqela labo le-Treat Intelligence ligqibe ekubeni lihlalutye ngokucokisekileyo incwadi yokufunda i-ebook edumileyo kwihlabathi liphela, laza lafumanisa ukuba kukho ubuthathaka obuthile kwisoftware obuvumela uhlaselo olukhulu.
Kolu vavanyo, abaphandi balungiselele incwadi ye-e-ncwadi enobungozi eyenzelwe ngokukodwa sebenzisa iimpazamo ekucwangcisweni kwefayile yangaphakathi ye-KindleNje ukuba umsebenzisi avule loo ncwadi ye-ebook, uthotho lwe-malware luqaliswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kwesenzo esongezelelweyo esifunekayo: akukho maqhosha, akukho ziqinisekiso, akukho fakelo longezelelweyo.
Ngokweengxelo, Ukuba olu hlaselo luphumelele, ulwaphulo-mthetho lwe-intanethi lunokulawula ngokupheleleyo isixhobo.Oku kuquka ukukwazi ukuba ithokheni yesixhobo, ukufikelela kulwazi oluyimfihlo olufana neziqinisekiso zeakhawunti yeAmazon, kwaneenkcukacha zebhanki ezinxulumene neakhawunti esetyenziselwa ukuthenga iincwadi okanye ukuhlawulela ubhaliso olufana neKindle Unlimited.
U-Eusebio Nieva, umlawuli wezobuchwepheshe weCheck Point Software yaseSpain nasePortugal, ucacisile ukuba Ii-Kindles zihlala zibonwa njengezixhobo "ezingenabungozi"Kodwa eyona nto iphambili kuzo, ziikhompyutha ezincinci eziqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi. Oku kuthetha ukuba zinemingcipheko efana neyefowuni ephathwayo okanye ikhompyutha yedeskithophu; yinto nje yokuba asizicingi njengezinto eziza kuqala.
Kwiimvavanyo ezenziweyo, i-CPR iqinisekisile ukuba Le ncwadi ye-ebook inokukhutshwa nakweyiphi na ilayibrari ebonakalayoAkuveli nje kuphela kwiiwebhusayithi ezinegama elingathandekiyo, kodwa nakwivenkile yeKindle ngokwayo ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi wokuzipapasha, kwanakwinkqubo ethi Thumela kwiKindle nge-imeyile.
Indlela uhlaselo lwe-ebook olunonya olusebenza ngayo kwi-Kindle
Indlela eqhelekileyo yohlaselo olubhalwe yiCheck Point yayilula ngokwembono yomsebenzisi: Ibiya kufumana okanye ikhuphele incwadi ebonakala iqhelekile, iyivule, ize emva koko, i-malware iqalise ukusebenza.Ubunzima bulele kwindlela ifayile esebenzise ngayo ubuthathaka bangaphakathi kwi-firmware ye-Kindle.
Kwimboniso yobugcisa, le ncwadi ye-ebook enobubi ikwazile yenza ikhowudi enamalungelo omsebenzisi omkhulu ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yomfundiOku kwavumela izenzo eziphazamisayo ezifana nokunxibelelana neseva ekude yomhlaseli, ukutshixa isikrini, ukuguqula umxholo wendawo yokugcina yangaphakathi, okanye ukuqokelela idatha eyimfihlo egcinwe kwisixhobo.
Iziphumo ezinokubakho zidlulele ngaphaya kokonakalisa iincwadi ezimbalwa. Iqela le-CPR libonise ukuba umhlaseli wayenokwenza njalo. cima ilayibrari yonke yomsebenzisi, guqula i-Kindle ibe yi-bot ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi ye-zombie ukuhlasela ezinye iikhompyutha kwinethiwekhi efanayo yasekuhlaleni, okanye ukufikelela kwizitshixo, iikuki, kunye neziqinisekiso zeakhawunti ye-Amazon edibeneyo.
Ngaphezu koko, ezi ngxaki zivule ithuba lokuba uhlaselo olujoliswe kulwimi, ummandla, okanye iqela labantuUkupapasha nje incwadi ye-ebook yasimahla enomtsalane kakhulu ngolwimi oluthile (umzekelo, incwadi ethengiswa kakhulu eRomania) kwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuba phantse onke amaxhoba avela kwelo lizwe okanye athetha olo lwimi, into enomtsalane kakhulu kwiiphulo zolwaphulo-mthetho lwe-intanethi okanye zobuntlola be-intanethi.
Enye into ebalulekileyo echazwe ngabaphandi kukuba Iinkqubo ze-antivirus zemveli azisoloko ziskena ii-ebooks ngokungathi ziifayile ezisebenzayo.Oku kuthetha ukuba incwadi eguqulwe ngeenjongo ezimbi inokungafumaneki kwiiskeni zokhuseleko, ifumaneke simahla kwiilayibrari ezikwi-intanethi (kuquka iKindle Store), kwaye iqokelele ukhuphelo ngaphandle kokurhanela.
Ukuzipapasha ngokwakho kwi-Kindle Store kunye nenkonzo ye-Send to Kindle njengeevekhtha zohlaselo
Esinye sezona zinto zibalulekileyo kweli bali kukuba lula okukhulu okunikezelwa yiAmazon. iincwadi zokuzipapashaNabani na angafaka eyakhe incwadi ye-ebook, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umshicileli wendabuko okanye ulawulo olungqongqo kakhulu lokuhlela, nto leyo intle kakhulu kubabhali abazimeleyo, kodwa inokusetyenziswa kakubi ngabahlaseli.
Iinkcukacha zeNqaku lokujonga ezinokuthi zenziwe ngabaphangi be-intanethi layisha incwadi enobungozi Ivele kwiKindle Store njengesinye isihloko sasimahla, sijongeka singenatyala kwaphela. Abasebenzisi, betsalwa ngumxholo okanye lixabiso elingenanto, bayikhuphele, kwaye ukususela ngoko, ubuthathaka bavulwa xa bevula ifayile kwisixhobo sabo.
Elinye ijelo elinobuthathaka ngumsebenzi othi Ikuvumela ukuba uthumele amaxwebhu kumfundi nge-imeyile.abaninzi abayaziyo njenge-Send to Kindle. Umsebenzisi ngamnye unedilesi ekhethekileyo ephela ngo-kindle.com; nayiphi na ifayile ethunyelwe kwidilesi egunyazisiweyo iguqulwa ibe yincwadi efundekayo kumfundi.
Ewe kunjalo uluhlu lwabathumeli abagunyazisiweyo Ayilungiselelwanga kakuhle; nabani na angathumela ifayile kwi-Kindle yomniniyo ngequbuliso. Kwimeko yokuhlaselwa, umntu angazama ukusebenzisa le nkqubo ukufaka i-ebook eguqulweyo ngqo kwisixhobo, enethemba lokuba umsebenzisi uza kuyivula ngokuqhelekileyo.
Ngoko ke iingcali zicebisa Hlola useto lwakho lwe-Send to Kindle uze ulubeke umda kwiidilesi ezithembekileyo kuphela.Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana amaxwebhu angalindelwanga anokuba nomxholo onobungozi owenzelwe ukuxhaphaza ubuthathaka bexesha elizayo okanye obungaziwayo.
Ubunzima bobuthathaka kunye neengozi kwidatha yebhanki
Ubuthathaka obufunyenwe kwiKindle babungengobuphene nje bobuhle; ngokutsho kweCheck Point, Banokubangela “ingozi enkulu” ukuba bawela ezandleni ezingafanelekangaUkhuseleko lomfundi belungeyonto nje kuphela eyayisengozini, kodwa kwanobumfihlo nokhuseleko lweakhawunti ye-Amazon enxulumene nayo, kuquka nolwazi olunokwenzeka lokuhlawula.
Ngokubeka esichengeni isixhobo, umhlaseli angenza yeba naluphi na ulwazi olugcinwe kwi-KindleUkusuka kwi-token yangaphakathi eyichazayo ukuya kwiinkonzo ze-Amazon ukuya kwiziqinisekiso zokufikelela, kuquka ii-cookies zeseshoni kunye nolunye ulwazi lobugcisa oluvumela isixhobo ukuba siqhagamshelwe kwiakhawunti yomsebenzisi.
Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, oku kunokukhokelela kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho lwe-intanethi umxholo othengiweyo kwiakhawunti yexhoba, ulwazi lokuhlawula lufikelelekile okanye usebenzise loo datha kunye neminye idatha ebiweyo ukwenza ubuqhetseba obuntsonkothileyo. Nangona kungekho phulo likhulu elisekelwe kolu qhankqalazo libhalwe phantsi, amathuba ayekhona kwaye ayemakhulu.
Ngaphezu koko, ngokukwazi ukuguqula iKindle ibe yi-bot, umhlaseli wafumana enye into kwisiseko sakhe solwaphulo-mthetho lwe-intanethi. Umfundi obonakala engenatyala wayenokwenza oko. bathathe inxaxheba ekuhlaselweni kwezinye izixhobo kwinethiwekhi yasekuhlaleninjengeekhompyutha, iifowuni eziphathwayo okanye ii-routers, nto leyo eyandisa impembelelo yokungenelela okuqalwe yi-ebook elula.
Iingcali zikwagxininisa ukuba ezi ngxaki bezingekho inomtsalane ngakumbi kuhlaselo olujoliswe kulokuba incwadi edumileyo kwilizwe elithile inokuba yiTrojan horse efanelekileyo yokufikelela kumawakawaka abemi ngeprofayili ethile ngaphandle kokuphakamisa amathandabuzo.
Ixesha lengxaki kunye ne-Amazon patch (firmware 5.13.5)
Ngenxa yobukhulu bokufunyanwa, iCheck Point yenze ngokwenkqubo yokutyhila enoxanduva. NgoFebruwari 2021, wazisa iAmazon ngeziphene zokhuseleko ezifunyenwe kwiKindle. kwaye banike iinkcukacha zobugcisa ezifunekayo ukuze umenzi akwazi ukuphanda aze alungise ingxaki.
Emva kokuhlalutya iingxelo, iAmazon iphuhlise uhlaziyo lwe-firmware oluthi Ibandakanya i-patch yokuvala ubuthathaka obusetyenziswa yi-ebook enonyaOlu lungiso lufike ngo-Epreli 2021 phantsi kwenguqulelo 5.13.5 yesoftware yeKindle.
Uhlaziyo lusasazwe ngokuzenzekelayo ku zonke izixhobo ezaziqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethiNgamanye amazwi, ukuba i-Kindle yayiqhagamshelwe rhoqo kwinethiwekhi ye-WiFi kwaye ivuselelwe ngokuzenzekelayo, yayiza kukhuphela kwaye ifake i-firmware entsha ngaphandle kokuba umsebenzisi enze enye into.
Nangona kunjalo, abafundi abaninzi bahlala ixesha elide bengangeni okanye bengakhange bangene kwi-intanethi. Zisetyenziswa kwimo ezimeleyo kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuvumelanisa rhoqo.Kwiimeko ezinjalo, isixhobo sisenokuba sisasebenzisa inguqulelo endala ye-firmware kwaye sihlale sisengozini ngaphandle kokuba kunyanzelekile ukuba sihlaziywe ngesandla okanye siqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi ixesha elaneleyo.
Imithombo emininzi igxininisa ukuba, nangona Akukho bungqina bokuba kukho iphulo elikhulu nelinamandla elisebenzisa eli gciwane.Ubuthathaka babuyinyani kwaye bunokuba yingozi kakhulu. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ingxaki ethile efunyenwe yiCheck Point iyasonjululwa logama nje isixhobo sifake inguqulelo elungisiweyo.
Iingozi zesiphequluli sovavanyo kunye nezinye iivekhtha ezingacacanga kangako
Ayizizo zonke iingozi ezifumaneka kwiKindle ezivela kwiincwadi. Kukwakho nezo zibizwa ngokuba yi- isiphequluli sovavanyoezisetyenziswa ngamanye amaxesha ngabanye abasebenzisi ukukhangela iiwebhusayithi ezilula. Nangona ukusebenza kwayo kulinganiselwe, iseyindlela yokungena kwi-intanethi kwaye, ke ngoko, iyindlela enokwenzeka yokuchanabeka kumxholo onobungozi.
Kukho iimeko zabantu abachaza indlela, xa befikelela kwiwebhusayithi besebenzisa isikhangeli se-Kindle, Isixhobo siqale ukuziphatha ngendlela engaqhelekangaIsikhangeli sivala ngequbuliso, sishiya isixhobo siqandisiwe okwethutyana. Besoyika ukuhlaselwa okunokwenzeka, abanye abasebenzisi babhenela kumanyathelo aqatha afana nokucima iikuki kunye ne-cache, ukuvala iphepha, kwanokubuyisela umfundi kwizicwangciso zasefektri.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, olu hlobo lokuziphatha lubangelwa kakhulu iimpazamo zesikhangeli okanye amaphepha alungiselelwe kakubi isixhobo endaweni yokuhlasela ngokwenene. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni amakhadi etyala, amakhadi edebithi, okanye iinkonzo ezifana neAmazon Prime ziqhagamshelwe kwiakhawunti, inkxalabo yomsebenzisi iyaqondakala ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha ubona into engaqhelekanga ngelixa ukhangela kwi-Kindle yakho, isikhokelo esifanelekileyo sesi Vala isikhangeli, susa idatha yokukhangela, kwaye, ukuba kukho ukurhaneleka okukhulu, qinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sihlaziyiwe.Ukuseta kwakhona kwefektri lukhetho olugqithisileyo olubuyisela isixhobo kwimeko yaso yokuqala, kucima useto lwasekuhlaleni kunye nomxholo (kodwa kungekhona iincwadi zelifu).
Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqonde kukuba, nangona kunokwenzeka ngokwetekhnoloji ukubona ubuthathaka obunxulumene nokukhangela kwiwebhu kwiKindle, Ayisiyo vector yohlaselo efundwe kakhulu kwaye ayisiyo vector yohlaselo esetyenziswa kakhulu esidlangalaleniUninzi lwengqwalasela ibikwii-ebooks ngokwazo kunye nendlela ezilawulwa ngayo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo.
Amanyathelo asisiseko okusebenzisa i-Kindle ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-malware
Ngaphandle kweenkcukacha zobugcisa, oko umfundi anomdla kuko Yintoni onokuyenza imihla ngemihla ukunciphisa iingozi?Ngethamsanqa, ngezikhokelo ezimbalwa ezisebenzisa ingqondo eqhelekileyo, amathuba okuba kubekho iingxaki anokuncitshiswa kakhulu ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukukhululeka kwesixhobo.
Inyathelo lokuqala kukuhlala une-Kindle. ihlaziywe kwinguqulelo yamva nje ye-firmware ekhoyoUkuba uhlala uyigcina ingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi, licebo elihle ukuyiqhagamshela kwi-Wi-Fi ngamanye amaxesha kwaye ujonge kwiisetingi ukuba isoftware ihlaziyiwe. Oku kubalulekile kuba iipatches zokhuseleko ziziswa ngolu hlaziyo.
Kukwacetyiswa nayo Jonga apho zivela khona ii-ebooks ozikhuphelayoOku akubhekiselele ekungcoliseni zonke iiwebhusayithi zeencwadi zasimahla, kodwa kuxhomekeke ekuphepheni amaphepha akrokrisayo, ukhuphelo olungaqhelekanga, okanye iifayile ezivela ngokungalindelekanga. Okukhona uthemba umthombo wencwadi, kokukhona kungenakwenzeka ukuba ufihle into engaqhelekanga.
Ngokuphathelele uphawu lwe-Send to Kindle, kufanelekile ukungena kwizicwangciso zeakhawunti yakho kwaye jonga uluhlu lweedilesi ze-imeyile ezigunyazisiweyoEyona nto ingcono kukuba ufake iidilesi zakho ze-imeyile okanye ezo zabantu kunye neenkonzo ozithembayo ngokwenene. Okukhona ii-imeyile zimbalwa ezinokuthumela iifayile ngqo kumfundi wakho, kokukhona zingcono.
Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba i-Kindle, njengefowuni ephathwayo okanye ikhompyutha, Akufuneki ukuba ibolekwe nabani na ngokulula ukuba afake izinto okanye aqhagamshele kwiinethiwekhi ezingaziwayo.Nangona isenokubonakala ngathi sisixhobo "sokufunda nje", yabelana ngemigaqo emininzi esisiseko yococeko lwedijithali njengezinye izixhobo ezixhunyiweyo.
Xa ujonga umfanekiso wonke, kuyacaca ukuba iKindle ayisiyonto yokudlala engenabungozi, kodwa ayisiyonto yokudlala edlula ixesha elide. Ngeziqwenga ezikhutshwe yiAmazon, uphando oluye lwavela, kunye nokhuseleko oluncinci kwicala lomsebenzisi, Ukufunda kwi-Kindle kuseyeyona ndlela ilula kwaye, ngokubanzi, ikhuselekileyo yokonwabela iincwadi zedijithali.logama nje singalibali ukuba phantsi kwe-inki ye-elektroniki kukho ikhompyutha encinci ekwafanelwe kukukhuselwa.